Welding machine



Sept. 19, 1939; w. H. MARTIN 2,173,368

ISL-DING IACHINB Filed Nqv. 15, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 19, 1939. w. H. MARTIN 2,173,368 v WELDING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 attain M1 Sept. 19, 1939.

W. H. MARTIN WELDING MACHINE N J E 24' 245 mass 62 z i- T5; v :1 54 Z45 o g 244 "256 I 96 251 55 I UH/00W TTc 5 p 1939- w. H. MARTIN 2,173,368

WELDING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 m MWG @WW 1% 4 TO 15 5 1O] Se t. 19, 1939. w, H MARHN 2,173,368

' WELDING MACHINE Filed Nov 15, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 19, 1939. I w. HQMARTIN 2,173,368 WELDING momma Filed Nov. 15, 1937 10 Sheets- Sheet s T: 47. 4"" we 3 747mm;

Sept. 19, 1939. w. H. MARTIN 2,

Filed Nov. 15, 193'! 1o Sheets-Sheet a Sept. 19, 1939. w, m v 2,173,368

wswma IACHINE r I Filed-Nov. 15, 1937 10 Sheefs-Sheet 10 Patented Sept. 19, 1939 UNITED STATES.

PATENT. OFFICE 13 Claims.

vMy invention relates to a multi-welding machine having a plurality of welders which may be caused to operate in succession to progressively weld the parts of the work. The invention provides means for producing welder pressure periods of desired length andthe flow of a welding current of desired amperage within the said periods, and variation of the period length and amperage according to the physical or dimensional characteristics of the metal at the point or spot at which each of the welds are formed.

The invention particularly provides a combined fluid and electric control mechanism for controlling a plurality of welders to produce, sequentially, welding pressures and flow of welding currents having substantially any one of a plurality of predetermined amperages during any one of a plurality of periods of predetermined lengths and within welder pressure periods of corresponding lengths.

The invention also provides for the'control of any number of welders for uniting metal structural parts and means for instituting each machine welding operation with the operation of the same individual welder, notwithstanding the number of welders used by the machine.

The invention also provides an electric pressure period controlv element having means for insuring rapid sequential circuit opening and 30 closing operations immediately subsequent to the cessation of the periodic flow of the welding current and subsequent to the completion of the operations of the welders installed in the machine to quickly locate parts of the machine to initiate the subsequent machine operation.

The invention also provides a welding machine frame wherein supporting parts, in proximity to current conductor parts through which the weld-v ing current flows, are formed of rigid electric insulating material, such as wood, to reduce the high current losses ordinarily due to contiguity of large metal frames or bodies to the large conductors through which the alternating welding current flows.

45 The invention also has for its object to provide a multiple manual control whereby operators located at a plurality of positions, with respect to the machine and the work, may at any time cause cessation of the welding operation, for. any rea- .son, such as to correct any failure of any one of the welders to produce proper welds or to prevent creeping, not uncommonly occurring where large sheet metal parts are progressively spotwelded.

88 Hie invention also has for its object to provide reestablishment of the welding operations beginning with the welder, whose welding operation was prevented by reason of the manipulation of the control means to interrupt the welding operations. I

The invention also provides automatic safety devices for, preventing operation until requisite preceding operations of parts "of the machine have been performed.

The invention consists in other features which will appear from the following description and upon examination of the drawings forming a part hereof. Structures containing the invention may partake of different forms and may be varied in their details and still embody the invention. I To illustrate a practical application of the invention, I have selected a welding machine as an example of the various structures that contain the invention and shall describe the selected welding machine hereinafter, it being understood that certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features of the invention and without departing from the spirit of the invention as presented in the claims. The particular structure selected is shown in the accompanying drawings,

Fig. l. is a front view of the machine. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the machine showing the location of parts not shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 illustrates a section of a plunger of the machine showing the welders located contiguous to the work. Fig. 4 illustrates a fluid control valve for controlling the flow of fluid from a source of supply of fluid under. pressure that operates the welders. Fig. 5 illustrates one of the welders that may be used in the machine. Fig. 6 illustrates a sectional view of a pressure switch for controlling the flow of the welding current and a pressure means for receiving liquid when the pressure increases above a welding pressure. Fig. 'l is an enlarged view of the head of the machine, parts of which are shown broken away to show a vertical section of a part of the, head. Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a side of the head of the 45 machine showing control elements mounted thereon. Fig 9 is a view of a section taken on the plane of the line 9-4 indicated in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a view of a section of a part of the head taken on theplane of the line Ill-ll in- 60 dicated in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 illustrates a view of a section of a part of the head taken on the plane of the line ll-li indicated in Fig. 'I.- Fig. ,12 illustrates a perspective view or a controllins drum for selectively causing desired welding press5 sure periods and flow of welding currents of desired amperages during the said periods. Fig. 13 is a view of a section of a part of the drum and illustrates one of a plurality di switches operated by parts located 'on the drum at predetermined points in its rotation. Fig. 14 illustrates a master control pressure switch for producing changes in pressure in the fluid control mechanism. Fig. 15 illustrates an operator's valve and switch control for initiating and stopping the operations of the machine. illustrates diagrammatically the electrical and fluid connections between the parts of the machine.

In the form of construction illustrated in the drawings, the welding machine is provided with a frame I and a bed 2. The frame and bed are provided with large structural parts that are formed of material that is non-conductive to. electric currents for preventing relativelylarge current losses that would otherwise occur where such parts are located in the vicinity of the large current conductors by reason of the alternations of the large currents and the rapid rate of change in the current flow due to the high frequency in which the circuit is opened and closed to produce the welds with great rapidity. f

In the form of construction shown, the bed 2 is formed of wood. The bed is provided with large metal corner blocks 4 thatare secured by bolts 5 to the frame I. Guide rods 1 are secured in the blocks 4 and to a frame -8. Sleeves Ill are located onthe rods 1 and are secured to a frame I I that is slidably movable along the rods. Springs I2 may be suitably mounted on the frame II to engage and cushion the frame II as it is moved toward the frame 8. Suitable adjustment screws I3located on posts I4, supported on the bed 2, limit themovement of the frame I I toward the work. A welder head I5 is mounted on the frame II by means of brackets IS. The frame II may be also formed of wood or a composition material non-conductive of electric cur rents and sufllciently strong to sustain the working parts of the plunger or head and for preventing large current losses due to the proximity of the secondary terminals and the welders, through which the current flows, to the frame I I when the frame is moved to a region in the vicinity of the terminals.

The frame II is shifted along the guide rods I by pistons located in the cylinders I! and connected to the frame II by the piston rods I8. Dogs or latches 2I are pivotally suspended in suitable brackets located on the frame 8 for normally engaging lugs 23 located on the frame I I. The latches are pneumatically operated-by spring-pressed pistons located in cylinders 22 to move the latches 2| with respect to the lugs 23 and permit the movement of the frame II past the latches in one direction and to engage the frame I I, if moved when the latches are intheir normal engaging relation. The latches are controlled by one or more of the combined valve and switch controls shown in Fig. 15.

Any number of welders 24, within the limita-- tions of the machine, are mounted on the frame II. The welders may be mounted in any desired position with reference to each other to spot-weld pieces of work that conform to any 5 desired shape. The points, or spots, of welding extend usually along definite lines. The lines may be broken or curved lines, means being provided for locating and securing the welders such Fig, 16

that the pressures produced by the welders are exerted substantially in lines that extend at right angles to the plane of the surface parts of the work at the points at which the welds are formed. The welders are formed to have a considerable stroke and thus insure eflicient welding operations under conditions where the work varies in its relation to the welders or where the weldin points shorten due to continued use.

The welders may be secured to bars or a frame having curved or angular portions that roughly correspond to the contour of the work along the line of the welds in order to dispose the welders in proper welding relation with respect to the work. In order to closely locate the welding spots, the welders may be staggered as may be desired in order to locate the welding points 26 of the contiguous welders close to each other. Variation in the manner of mounting the welders may be made in orde to adapt the welders to the shape of the work \iieces that are to be welded together.

The part on which the work is supported may be likewise constructed in various forms to withstand the pressure of the welding points. Thus, the work supporting structure may be formed of current conductive bars or plates conforming to the shape of the work, particularly along thrlines of the welds in order to sustain the work and the pressure of the welders.

In the form of construction shown in the drawings, the welders 24 are secured in heads 28 that may be bolted to a plate 25. The plate 25 is secured to the movable frame II. The work 28 is supported on a die 21 connected to the other terminal of the secondary. The die 21 is supported on the bed 2 by the brackets 3|. The die is, preferably, provided with studs 32 located in opposed relation to the welding points 26 of the welders 24. The studs 32 coact with the welding points .to localize the pressure on the work and the flow of the current through the work as the work is spot-welded.

The transformer is mounted below the bed 2. The primary coil of the transformer is connected with a source of supply of electric current and the secondary consists of but one or two turns formed by a arge low resistance conductor bar.

orbar parts, formed of copper, or copper alloy, and located contiguous to or surrounded by the primary coil or divided parts thereof and in a plane parallel to the turns of the primary coil, whereby a large transforming ratio and corn sequently, a welding current of large amperage are produced.

The secondary 30 has a crossbar 33 and bars 34 are connected to the ends ,of the cross bar. The bars 34 form a divided terminal of the secondary 30. The bars 34 extend through the bed 2 and their and parts are, preferably, bent laterally and are contacted with elastically-pressed.

large blocks or contacts 35 that are supported on ends of the bars 36 for spring-pressing the con I tacts against the laterally extending end par:

and 41 (Fig. 16) locatedintermediate the end' terminals 48 and Si oi the coil and, preferably, near one of the end terminals, such as, the termipa] 4!. The terminals 46 and 41 divide the primary coil 45 into sections, each having as many turns as may be desired whereby one or more sections of the coil or the entire coil may be included and produce by induction in the secondary, flow of a welding current of diiIerent amperages through the welders 24 and the work 29.

Tne welder pistons 52 are provided with arms 53 that extend laterally from the axes of the cylinders 54 and pistons 52 (Fig. 5), The welding point 26 of each welder is located on the end of the arm 53 and ex-axially with respect to the piston to produce a torque on the piston to press the lateral suriace oi the piston 52 againstthe inner surface 01' the cylinder 54 when the welding point 26 is pressed against the work. The torque increases until the proper welding pressure is produced, whereupon the welding current is caused to' flow through the plate 25, the cylinder 54, the piston 52, the welding point 26 and thework 2!. The welders are operated hydraulically, the welders being connected singly or in multiple to a liquid pressure-means by pipes or branched pipes E5. The piston 52 01' each welder is returned by a spring 56 when the pressure in the cylinder is sumciently reduced. The spring 56 is located in a sleeve El and on a rod that extends into the sleeve 51. The rod 58 is connected to the arm 53 at a point approximately in line with the welding points 26. The spring 56 is 5 located intermediate the head SI of the rod 58 and the plug 62 located in the end of the sleeve 51 to return the piston in the cylinder 54 when the hydraulic pressure, transmitted through the pipe 55, is reduced. The welding point 26 and the studs 32 may be water-jacketed to maintain these parts cool. Flexible pipes 63 inter-connect the relatively movable welder points to flow a I cooling liquid in proximity to the points.

The welding pressures and the welding current that are transmitted to the welders, are controlled by' a combined fluid and electric control mechanism 84, comprising the fluid control mechanism 65 and the electric control mecham mentalities of the machine that perform cooperative i'unctions.

ls sating is produced with considerable,

A pair oi valves '1, each connected to a source T a: supply *oi ;air under pressure by means of pipes I, are supported on the head II. The pulrapidity and a pair of valves is used to assure pneumatic connection, notwithstanding the rapidity with which they are required to operate.

Iidesired,oneoithe valves maybeusedasan emergency valve when the other is used to normally control the fluid pressure. The head II is provided with a reciprocable piston 1| having a pneumatically operated piston part 12 and a hydraulic piston part It located, respectively, in cylinder parts 14 and 15. Each valve 81 has a movable valve member 16 for admitting air under pressure to the cylinder part 14 and exhausting the air therefrom to produce the pulsating fluid pressures. Preferably, the pneumatic cylinder and piston partshave a diameter larger than thediameter of the hydraulic cylinder and piston parts for boosting or raising the pressure per.

by a solenoid l1 and lever 18 (Fig. 4). The lever 18 is fulcrurned on an adjustable spring-pressed pin 8| which has a suitable bifurcated end part for receiving the end of the lever and its pivot pin for pivotally supporting the lever. The fulcrum pin 8| may be adjusted by suitable nuts 82 to adjust the lever relative to the movable valve member" to regulate the extent oi opening oi thevalves A. lever limiting stop 83 is located on a the adjustment screw 84 and is disposed to engage the lever as it moves to close the valve. The movable member T of the valve is provided with a stem 45 having an enlarged portion 84 that seats to close the outlet-81 when the valve member Ii is moved from its seat to open the valve. The air is exhausted from the cylinder part through the outlet passageway I! when the valve is closed which releases the pneumatic and hydraulic pressures.

The hydraulic cylinder part 15 is surrounded by a reservoir 88 (Fig. 7) containing a liquid, prelerably oil, and is connected with the interior oi the hydraulic cylinder part I5 through an open-I ing 9| located at a point just below the lower end of the hydraulic .piston part 13 when the piston H is located in its uppermost position. The reservoir 88 has a gauge 93 and may be fllled through a spout 94 to a desired level. Whenthe valve is closed and the fluid pressure released, the piston II is returned by the spring 92. When the piston ll descends, it closes the opening II and entraps the oil in the spaces that communicate with the hydraulic cylinder part II and, thus, transmits, hydraulically, the high pressures produced by the piston 'H to actuate the pressure elements connected with the hydraulic cylinder part.

The hydraulic cylinder part 15 is connected to an indexing valve 95 for directing the transmis-, slon of the pressure hydraulically to the welders, and control elements that control certain opera* tions of the machine. The indexing valve II has a shell I that is provided with an outwardly extending flange O1 and the lower end 0! the hydraulic cylinder part I5 terminates in a flaring wall 0. that forms a bottom part of the reservoir 88 and a flange part In that extends laterally from the flaring wall 94. A gasket I02. is located intermediate the edge of the shell 9' and the lower end edge of the flaring wall OI. The flanges 91 and IOI are bolted together by the bolts III for connecting the cylinder part II to the shell 01 the indexing valve and compressing the gasket "2 to seal the connection between the lower end or the cylinder part and the shelland at the same time form a pressure chamber I04 of the indexing valve 95. The flange 61 is also connected by the bolts I05 to the brackets I6 for supporting the head I5 on the frame II.

The pressure chamber I04 has a rotatable valve part I06 which is connected to a shaft I01 located in the bottom wall I06 of the shell 96. The rotatable valve part is slidably supported on the wall I06. The opposed portions of the valve part I06 and thewall I06 are recessed to greatly re-' duce the contacting areas and the frictional resistance to rotation and form an annular low pressure chamber III. The chamber III communicates with the reservoir 68 by the pipe 2 to enable free gravity filling of the welder cylinders and the communicating passageways and chambers of the elements operated by the fluid pressure mechanism, with the oil from the reservoir, and, under certain conditions-Jo enable return of the oil to the-reservoir. A

The valve member I06 is provided with a boss I I3 (Fig. 9) that extends from a marginal rim I I4 into the low pressure chamber III. The boss is provided with an opening or port II5 that is located within the area defined by the rim 4. The bottom wall I08 of the shell 96 has a plurality of passageways I I6 extending therethrough. The inner ends of the passageways are located in sequential registrability with the port II5 as the valve member is rotated but normally communicate with the low pressure chamber III. The pipes 55 are connected to the passageways H6 and are sequentially connected with the high pressure chamber by the port I I5 in the movable valve part I06. The pipes 55 are also connected to the welders 24 and other of the machine control elements. Thus, the high pressure chamber I04 may be connected to the welders, singly or in multiple, sequentially, and tocontrol elements in 'sequential relation.

The indexing valve 95 is provided with a means for operating the rotatable valve part I06 step by step to cause sequential registration of the port I I5 with the passageways I I6 during the low pressure periods to enable transmission of the high pressure during the immediate subsequent high pressure periods.

In the form of construction shown in the drawings, the rotatable valve member I06 is provided with asmany ratchet teeth II6 as there are passageways H6. The teeth are peripherally disposed over the entire edge of the valve member. A piston I2I is located in a cylinder I22 that extends tangentially from the shell 06. The piston extends into the pressure chamber I04 and is moved by the pressure of the liquid during the high pressure periods for producing step by step movement of'the movable valve member to produce sequential connection of the port II5 with the passageways II6 to connect thewelders to the pressure chamber I04. Where the number of welders 24, singly or in multiple, are less than the number of passageways, the passageways not used or connected to welders or other pressure operated elements of the machine may be plugged, the machine, however, being provided with means for causing the production of the periodic changes in pressure in the pressure chamber I04 to cause the piston I2I to step the movable valve member I06 through a complete cycle of its move-- ment. A spring-pressed dog I23 is located on the end of the piston. The piston I2I is formed hollow and a spring I24 is located within the piston I2I and intermediate a closed end part of the piston and the plug I25 that closes the end of the cylinder I22. The plug I25 may be provided with a hollow pin I26 that seats upon the plug I25. The pin has a flange part that is engaged by the lower end of the sprlng-l24. A hollow threaded pin I21 extends through a tapped central opening of the plug I25 and engages the lower end of the-pin I26. The pin I21 may be ro-' tated to adjust the tension of the spring I24.

The outwardly extending end of the cylinder I22 is connected by a pipe I23 with the reservoir 33 to which any oil that may leak past the piston will be returned. The spring I24 is compressed I during the pressure periods by the pressure on the closed end of the hollow piston I2I which moves the dog I23 to a point to engage a succeeding tooth II8 of the movable valve member I36 preparatory to moving the valve member succeeding steps during the following low pressure periods by the pressure of the spring I24 when the frictional resistance to the movement of the valve member is practically nil.

The indexing valve may be provided with a means for securing the piston I2I to prevent its movement. The piston I2I has a shouldered part I3I (Fig. 11) and the cylinder I22 has a shouldered part I32. The end part of a screw I33, that extends through the wall of the cylinder, may be located against the end of the piston I2I to lock the shouldered part I3I on the shouldered part I32 of the cylinder and enable testing of the individual connections of the welders and other control elements with the pressure chamber I04 by repeated operations of the piston 1 I.

The electric control mechanism 66 forms a part of the head I5 of the machine. It comprises a plurality of switches located in a suitable shell and means for selectively operating the switches. Preferably, the switches are operated during the low pressure periods and perform, in some instances, their resultant controlling functions during both the low and immediately followinghigh pressure periods and, in other instances, during the high pressure periods only. The electric control mechanism 66 has a drum which is connected to the movable valve member I06 the indexing valve, and, therefore, moves in unison with the movement of the movable valve member duringthe low pressure periods to perform, its

controlling functions.

The drum I35 is connected by the bolt I36 to the shaft'i01 of the movable valve member and is provided with a plurality of recesses I31 (Fig. 12) arranged in rows extending parallel to the .axis of the drum and circularly about the axis.

The recesses have tapped openings I33 that extend'through the bottoms of the recesses I31 and nobs I4I having hubs I42 and threaded studs I43 are secured in the recesses I31 and protrude from the exterior surface of the drum to operate camwise on a plurality of levers I44 that are supported on a common pivot pin having an axis extending parallel to the axis of the drum I35. The switches operated by the levers are locatedv in the shell I34. The ends of the levers are located in proximity to the surface of the drum and in the planes of the circularly disposed rows I45, I46, I41, I46 and II of the recesses and are operated by the nobs l4I according to their location in the rows. There are as many rows of recesses extending parallel to the axis of the drum as there are passageways H6 in the shell 96. Also, there are as many teeth II3 on the movable valve member I06 to which the drum is connected as there are passageways H6. The drum is connected to the valve member to dismentalities pose the said rows in defined relation with reference to the port III to produce switch operations by one or more of the flevers I44 during the low pressure periods and cause the perform- Also, the nobs may be located in vertical disalignment to prevent operation of two or more similarly functioning instrumentalities at the same time. Also, where certain instrumentalities are required to cooperate to produce a desired result or to coact to produce desired results, they rnay be caused to operate cooperatively or coactively by the location of nobs in diilerent circular rows but in the same vertical rows to actuatecertain of the levers I44, simultaneously. Thus, any desired results may be obtained in the operation, of the machine by the arrangement of the nobs on the drum.

The machine is provided with a plurality of period control switches each having means for adjusting the period during which a switch will be retained closed subsequent to the closure of the switch, and automatic means to open the circuit thus closed by the switch at the expiration of the said period; or vice versa as to opening and closing the switches, such as time relays of the form well known in the art. Thus, the time relays I'51, I88 and I88 (Fig. 16) are controlled, respectively, by the switches I84, I82 and I8I -which are, respectively, operated by the nobs in the circular rows of recesses I41, I48 and I45. The time relays control the pressure periods produced by the fluid control mechanism 88, as

described hereinafter. The connection of the outer terminal 8| of the primary with the main line switch of a source of supply of electric current is permanent and the connection of the other terminals of the primary isdependent upon operation of either of the switches I18 or I". The connection of the terminals 48 and 41, of the primary 48, to the source of supply, are controlled, respectively, by the switches I18 and HI which are operated by the nobs located in the rows of recesses I48 and III, respectively. Thus. the current from the source of supply may be directed either through all the turns of the coil "orthrough the turns between one or the other ofthe terminals-48 or 41 and the terminal BI and produce a flow of welding \current having a desired predetermined amperage, as described hereinafter.

The time relays I81, I88 or I88 control a master pressure control switch I18 which controls the valve 81 to produce controlled pulsating hydraulic pressures.

7 The master control switch, shown in Fig. 14, has a pair of solenoidsI11 and I18 that, when energized, cooperate to act atea spring-pressed core I88 to a certain cuit-closing position, neither of tlie solenoids m or us having, how.. ever, suflicient numberof turns to produce the. required field to independently actuate the core I88? Thus, when one of the solenoids, such as the solenoid I18, is energized alone, the core will not be actuated, but'the, solenoid will maintain the the tion .to which it has been' previously moved when both of the solenoids were energized, and when both of the solenoids are de-energized, the core willmove from one circuit-closing position -to another circuit-closing position.

The core I88 operates a movable contact I8I which alternately completes a circuit through the yielding contacts I82 or I88. The solenoids and the contacts are supported on the bottom of a suitable shell I88 that encloses the switch, and a spring I88 is interposed intermediate an adjustment thimble I8I that may be located in an end wall of the shell I88, and the bottom of a socket formed in the end of the core I88. The spring I 88 may be adjustably tensioned to resist the movement of the core I88 in its movement to close the contacts I88 by the solenoids I11 and I18 and to permit closure when both solenoids are energized sufficiently to give the core momentum to move from one pair of yielding contacts to the other pair and also to permit retention of the closure when one solenoid alone is energized and open the circuit when both of the solenoids are de-energized. The spring I88, and also, if desired, the weight of the core I88, biases the core to close the circuit through th contacts I82.

' The master pressure control switch I18 is, also, provided with means for opening the circuit of a solenoid which operates as a switch retaining and cooperative switch closing means. In the form of construction shown, the master pressure switch I82 (Fig. 14) which is biased by a spring I 84 to a circuit-closing position .with reference to the fixed contacts I88. otally supported by a pin I 88 secured in the bottom wall of the shell I88, and the spring I84 en.-

- tom of the shell I88 and is biased resiliently toward the stop 282 by means of the spring 284, which is located in the threaded thimble 285. The thimble 285 may be adjusted with respect to the shell to adjust the tension of the spring 284. The end of the core 288 is provided with a dog 281 located in a suitable slot formed in the end of the core 288 and pivotally connected by a pin 288 to the core to form a knife-blade joint. The dog 281 may be spring-pressed, by means of a suitable spring 2I8, to normally protrude laterally from the core 288. One side surface of the dog 281 may be provided with an inclined edge 2 so that, upon descent of the core 288, produced by energization of the solenoid 28I, the

control switch is provided with an auxiliary The switch I82 is pivdog will readily pass the end of the switch I82,

but when the solenoid 28 I is de-energized, the core 288 will be moved by the pressureof the spring 284 to open the switch I82 and, thus, deenergize the solenoid I18. The moyable contact I8I is then moved under the tension of the spring I 88 to close the contacts I82. When the solenoid 28I is again energized, the dog 281 passes the switch I82 without operating it, and when the circuit through the solenoid I11 is closed, the master control switch will again be operated to close the switch through the contacts I88. core I88 in the said certain circuit-closingposi- If desired, the switch-operating solenoid "I 1 separate and may thereby be used conjointly aswhen the desired closure of the master pressure switch is to be subject to the performance of two prerequisite conditions and it is desired to close the master pressure switch upon fulfillment of both or either one of two such conditions. In the particular form of construction shown in the drawings, the solenoid 20I is formed of two coils (Fig. 16) 203 and 206, either of which, when energized, will actuate the core 200 and position the dog 201 for opening the switch I92. When the coil or coils of the solenoid 2M are de-energized, the core 200 is-released and the dog is pipes 222 and 223 through which air may be operated to open the switch.

The operations of the master pressure switch may be controlled by any sequential operations of one or two elements or any suitable timing device operating through the solenoids I11 and I18 of the master pressure control switch and the solenoid 2III of the auxiliary switch I92 and without the use of regulated pneumatic dash pots which invariably clog in the restricted passageways or the use of liquid dash pots which invariably have frictional resistance to free movement of the core that, under many different circumstances, is're- 'quired.

The machine shown in the drawings is controlled, preferably, by two or more combined valve and switch controls, whereby the machine may be stopped in its operation at any time and the frame I I may be raised. Preferably, the controls are spring-pressed to return the controls to normal position and, thus, require that the controls be manually moved and held during the operation of the machine and, when released, any one of the controls operates automatically to stop the machine. This provides a means whereby the operation of the machine may be stopped for any reason by any one of a plurality of operators that are located in positions to closely watch the progress of the machine in its welding operations.

The combined valve and switch controls 2I3, shown in Fig. 15, control fluid pressure in parts of the machine and also electric elements that control the operation-f other elements of the machine necessary for causing initiation or cessation of the welding operations of the machine at any time to prevent imperfect welding operation and also as a safety means for the protection of the operators and the machine. The controls are each provided with a valve 2I4 and a switch 2I5 that are mounted in a suitable shell 2l'l. The movable switch inember 2I8 is 'connected to the movable valve part 230 and they are both biased normally to closure of the valve and one of the circuits by means of the spring Hi. The valve 2 is provided with a pair of directed by the valve. The valve is provided with a suitable handle or push button 225 which may I be operated to pressthe spring 228 and, through the pressureof the spring, to close an exhaust port 229 by 'a valve part 2I9 slidably located on a pin2I6. The spring 226 is located on the pin 2I6 and intermediate the push button 225 and the valve part 2 I 9. The pin 2 I 6 telescopes within the push button 225 and is connected to a valve part 230 and is engaged by the button to' first close the valve part 2I9 and open the valve part 230, which connects the pipe 223 with a source of supply through the pipe 222 and, upon release of the push button 225, the pressure of the spring 22I disconnects the pipe 223 and the pressure of the air in the pipe 223 opens the valve part 2I9 to exhaust the air from the. pipe 223 and the valve 2I4 will be closed and the electric circuit A through the contacts 221 will be closed and the valve part 2|9 will be opened to cause the operation of elements of the machine as described hereinafter.

The machine is provided with a pressure control switch that communicates with the pressure chamber I04 for closing a circuit when the pressure of the chamber is suflicient to produce a welding pressure in the cylinder of the welder that is .connected to the pressure chamber through the port H5. The pressure switch 23I (Fig. 6) is operated by a hollow piston 232 located in the cylinder 233 which is mounted on the wall of the shell,. 98 of the indexing valve 95. The movement r of the piston is counteracted by the spring 234 which is located in the piston 232 and intermediate the bottom of the piston 232 and a screw 233 located in the cap 231 that covers one end of the cylinder. The screw may be turned to adjust the tension of the spring 234 to prevent operation of the switch 23 I until the pressure in the communicating passageway 235 that connects the cylinder with the pressure chamber I04 reaches a pressure such as to produce a welding pressure in the welders as they are connected to the pressure chamber. The movement of the piston 232 is transmitted to the switch MI by the lever 233 which extends within the cap 231 and is pivotally supported'on the cap. The cylinder 233 is also provided with a counteracting pressure piston 24I whose movement is yieldingly resisted by the spring 242, located intermediate the end of the piston 2, which is formed hollow, and a screw 243 located in the cap 244. The screw' 243 may be rotated to adjust the pressure of the spring 242 to yieldingly resist the movement of the oil from the pressure chamber I04 into the cylinder 233 as the pressure rises materially above the'welding pressure subsequent to the operation of the piston 232 and the switch 23L Thus, the piston 24I operates to enlarge the total volume of the spaces communicating with the pressure chamber of the "indexing valve. The piston 24I pounteracts the pneumatic pressure and maintains substantially a constant pressure that is higher than the welding pressure as the pressure on the piston I3 increases.

In the diagrammatic illustration shown in Fig. 16, parts of the machine are electrically connected by means-of -a switch 246 to a source of supply of electric current, which may be indicated by Y switch. The parts of .the work 28 to 'be welded together are placed on the die 21 of the secondary 88, or otherwise connected to the terminal. The welders oi the machine may be operated, singly orin multiple, sequentially, and each set of welders, when operating in multiple. may be connected through a branch pipe to on of the passageways 8 .to produce simultaneous operation of the welders oi. each set. Due to the rapidity of the sequential operation of the welders, two or more operators are usually required to operate the machine. The machine shown in the drawings is controlled by two operators combined con- .trols 2I8.

Previous to starting of the welding operations of the machine, the combined fluid and electric control mechanism 88 has been positioned to coact with other elements for starting the machine. When the valves ,258 and 258 of the source 2880! supply of air under pressure are opened and the main line switch 288, which connects the source of current to the supply line 25I and return line 252, is closed, the operation of the machine is initiated by the operation of the two combined valve and switch controls 2. The valve parts 2I8direct the flow of the air under pressure from-the source 288 through the valve 258 and pipe 222, one of the valves 2, the pipe 228, the other valve part 2 and a pipe 228 to the'cylinders 22. The switch parts 2I5 operate to close part or the circuit that is subsequently completed by the switch 2 mounted on the head I5 (Fig.- 8) of the machine when it engages the screw 282 mounted on the i'rame8, as the frame II nears the limit of its movement toward the work 28. The switch parts 2 I 5 connect the switch 2" through the lines 288 and 218 to the return line 252. The pressure in the cylinders '22 operates the safety-engaging hooks 2| to permit the-descent oi the frame I I, on which are mounted the welders 28 and the fluid and electric current control mechanism 88. The lever 288 is then operated by one of the operators and the movable valve member 285 of the valve 288 will conne'ct the ends of the cylinders I1 with the source of supply of fluid through the valve 258, the

pipes 281 and 288 to move the frame II until the,

welders are in position to engage the work. When the irame II approaches this point, the switch 28! is closed by its engagement with the head a! the screw-282. The switch 28I initiates the operations of the combined fluid and electrical control from the supply line 25l, the solenoid I18, the

switch I82, to the return line 252.

The solenoid I11, operating in conjunction with the solenoid I18, causes the movable contact I8I oi. the master pressure control switch 115 to open the circuit through the solenoid I11 and the yielding contacts I82, which de-energizes the solenoid I11, and complete the circuit of the solenoid.11, by its momentum and operation of the solenoid I18, from the supply line 25I, through the yielding contacts I85, the line 215, to the solenoid 11, the solenoid 11 being connected to the return line 252, the circuit through the solenoid 11 being retained closed by the solenoid I18, against the bias of the spring I88, until its circuit is opened. The solenoid 11 operates to open the valve 81 to connect the cylinder part 18 with the source 288 of supply of fluid through the a high pressure in the pressure chamber I88 that is transmitted through the liquid of the fluid control mechanism 85 to the welders and other pres-.

sure elements having chambers 01' passageways communicating therewith.

The high pressure quickly develops a welding.

pressure in the cylinder he welder connected to the chamber I88 through the port H and the pressure closes a switch 2 I that initiates operation or the electric ele ents to produce a welding current of desired amperage to flow a desired period. Assuming that the time relay switch lfithssociated with the time relay I88. has been previously closed in the preceding low pressure period, theswitch I8I connects one contact of the switch 28I with the relay I 88 through the lines 211 and 218, the other contact of the switch 231 being eohh eted with the supply line L The switch 28I when closed by a pressure suillcient to produce a weldln pressure in the welder connected through the rt II5 to the high pressure chamber, 'connects ttm relay I-88 in the circuit from the supply line 25I, the switch 28I, the line 211, the switch I8I, the lie 218, to the relay I88, which is connected to the return line 252. The relay I88 connects the supply line 25I through the relay I88, the line 28I, the switches 282 and 288, the line 288, and the solenoid 285, which is connected to the return valve 253 and operate the piston 1| and produceline 252. The solenoid 285 closes the switch 288,

produces the flow of a welding current of maxi-,

mum amperage for the period determined by the setting of the time relay I88.

When the period of time, as controlled by the adjustment of the relay- I88, has expired, the circuit to the primary coil 85 is opened and also 'the circuit through the coil as of the solenoid "I is opened which operates to release the core 288 and open the switch I82 and thus open the circuit 01' the solenoid I18 and the master switch opens the circuit of the solenoid 11 which closes the valve 81 and releases the piston 18 and the welding pressure on the work. This occurs immediately subsequent to the opening of the circuit of the primary coil and the discontinuance of the flow of the welding current.

Where it is desired to produce the flow of current less than a maximum for the period as determined by the adjusted settingof the relay I88, the switch I18 and the time relay switch I81 are operated simultaneously during a low pressure period to establish connection of the time relay switch I88 with the pressure switch 28I and connection of the relay I88 with circuits that will connect thetermlnals 88 and 5I oi the primary with the supply line 25I and the return line 252, respectively. Also, if it is.desired that a current of still smaller amperage is to flow iiuring the period as controlled by the relay I50, the switch "I is operated simultaneously with the relay switch I5I to establish a circuit of the time relay I50 which will, when operated, connect the terminals 41 and 5| of the primary 45 with the supply and return lines 25I and 252.

Assuming that the switch I10 has been operated by one of the nobs I H in the recesses of the row I during a low pressure period, the switch I10 establishes a connection from the supply line 25I, through the switch I10, to the line 282, through the solenoid 283, to the return line 252. The solenoid 293 operates to open the switch 282 and close the switch204. When the pressure switch 23I, during the subsequent high pressure period, is operated to complete the connection through the relay switch I5I to the relay I50, the relay I50 operates to complete a circuit from the supply line 25I, to the line 28I, through the switch 284, the line 285, through the solenoid 205, to the return line 252. This operates to open the switch 288 and connect the supply line 25V through the switch 281, the switch 281, to/the line 288, to the terminal of the primary/ 5 and cause the current to flow through the turns of the coil of the primary located intermediate the terminal 45 andthe terminal,,5l to the return line 252. The prim ry 45 will induce a welding current in the secondary, 30 having corresponding decrease in amperage which will flow during the period determined ,by the adjustment of the relay I80. The time relay then causes the operation in other circuits to produce discontinuance of the pressure, period as described above When it is desired to cause the flow of a welding current having a still smaller amperage for the period of time as controlled by the time relay I50, the turns of the primary coil 45 between the terminals 41 and 5| are connected, respectively, to the supply line and the return line by the operation of the switch "I that may be operated during a low pressure period by one of the nobs- I located in one of the recesses of the circularv row I5I at the same time that a nob in the row I45 operates the relay switch I5I which controls the circuit from the supply line 25I to the relay I50, as described above. The switch I1I completes the circuit during the low pressure period from thesupply line 25I through the switch "I, the line "I, through the solenoid 302 which is connected to the return line 252. The solenoid 302 operates to open the switch 283 and close the switch 303 which completes a circuit from the relay I50, through the line 28I, the switch 282, the switch 303, the line 304, through the solenoid 305, to. the return line 252. During the following high pressure period, the operation of the time relay I is again initiate in its operation by the pressure switch 23I an a current flows through the solenoid 305 to, open the switch 201 andclose the switch 305 which connects the supply line 25I through the line 001 to the terminal 41 and through the turns of the primary coil 45 locatedintermediate the terminal 41 and the terminal 5| to the return line 252. Consequently, a welding current of still smallar amperage is induced in the secondary 00 and will flow for the same period as controlled by the time relay I50 in forming the weld. The time relay I80 again terminates the pressure period, as described above.

when the circuits of either of the time relay I51 or I50 are established by an associated time relay switch,-either I54 or I82, and the pressure switch 28I is operated; the current will be completed to either of the relays in the same manner and the welding current will flow during the periods for which the relay is set, having amperages that correspond to the number of turns that are located between the terminal connected to the return line 252 and any one of the three terminals 48, 45 and 41,- as determined by the operation or non-operation of the switches I10 and "I in the same manner that the time relay I50 controlled the period of flow of the welding current,- as described above, the time relays being connected in parallel with th supply line 25I and the line 28lflonsequently, the flow of the current to the terminal of the primary coil 45 will dep nd upon the energization of the solenoids 2} 285 and 305 which are dependent upon the operation of the solenoids 283 1?1 that are controlled by the switches I10 an v ere it is desired to cause the flow of a 'welding current during the period at which the relay I58 is set, the switch I52 is operated during the low pressure period by a nob I located in the row of recesses I45 which operates to connect one terminal of the, pressure switch 23I with the time relay I58 by the line 211, the relay switch I52, the line 308, the relay I50 to the return line 252 and when the pressure switch BI is operated, the time relay I58 is connected to the supply line by the pressure switch 2! and upon expiration of the time, as determined by the setting of the time relay I58, the same connec tions are established by the time relay I50 to terminate the pressure periods that were established by the relay I 50 for that purpose, as described above.

When the relay I51 is to be used to control the period of flow of the welding current, the switch I54 is operated during the low pressure period to complete one terminal of the pressure switch 23I' through the line 211, the switch I54, the line 3, the relay I51 to the return line 252, the other terminal of the pressure switch 23I being connected to the supply line 25I, The operation of the relay I51 is initiated when the pressure switch 23I is operated during the high pressure period.

The relay I51 completes a circuit from the supply line 25I, the relay I51, the line "I, switch 282, the switch 283, the solenoid 285 to the return line 252. A circuit is then completed from the supply line 25I, the switches 281, 288 and 205, to the line 28I, the terminal 48 of the primary 45, and the terminal 5I of the return line 252.

During the operation of any one of the time relays I51, I58 and I50, a current is not only established through one or the other of the solenoids 285, 285 or 305, but also from the line 28I through the coil 203 of the solenoid "I which operates to draw the core 200 and move the dog 201 below the switch I82 and, upon the termination of the'ilow of the current, through the line 20I by the operation of any one of the time rerated by the tension of the spring 204 to open the switch I82 and de-energize the solenoid I10. The movable contact member IOI opens the connection between the contacts I85 which breaks the circuit from the supply line 25I through the :solenoid 11 to the return line 252 and the valve 51 is closed which immediately releases the pressure in the pneumatic cylinde. part 14 and the .-piston H is returned by the spring 82 and the subsequent low pressure period is produced and the pressure chamber I04 is eonnected to a welder, to be operated during the succeeding pressure period through the port H5, and its related pipe 55. I

Immediately upon the return of the movable contact member I8I by the operation of the spring I90, the contacts I82 ar closed and the solenoid I11 is again energized, the solenoid I18 being also energized by the connection from the main supply line 25I, through the solenoid I16, to the switch I92, to the return line 252, the contacts I85 are again closed by the movable contact member II which again closes a circuit from the supply line 25I, through the contacts I85, the line 215, the solenoid 11 to the return line 252 which again operates the valve 61 and connects the pneumatic cylinder part 14 with the source of supply of airunder pressure and the high pressure period is again initiated resultingin the operation of one of the relays and the connection with the desired primary terminals is established to produce the flow of a welding current of a desired amperage for a desired period in the production of the weld by the succeeding welder that has been connected by the indexing valve 95 during the next preceding low pressure period and the high pressure period is terminated immediately after by the time relay that controlled the operation of the welding current both as to period of flow and its amperage in the high pressure period.

The operations .of the machine continue until all of the welders that may be connected with the shell 96 of the fluid control mechanism have been actuated and until the port H is moved to the passageway II6 succeeding the passageway to which the last of thewelders to be operated is connected. This establishes a connection from the high pressure chamber I04 through the pipe 3I4 with the cylinder 3I5 and during the subsequent high pressure period, the piston 3I6, located in the cylinder M5, is operated to reverse the valve 266 to cause the flow of the fluid from the source of supply through the valve 254, the pip 261, the valve 266, the pipe 3.I1, to the ends of the cylinder I1 and the frame II is raised and passes the latches 2|.

The indexing valve 95, however, continues to operateto step the movable valve-member I 06 and the port II5 past the plugged passageways II6 by the operation of the auxiliary time relay 32I which is set to respond, at very short periods between closing and opening the circuit of the ,core 206 of the solenoid 20I, that operates the core 200. The time period of the relay 32I is much shorter than the periods at which the time relays I51, I58 and I60 are set and does not affect the functioning of the, said time relays. During the low pressure period following the 'operation of the piston 3| 6,. the master control switch I15 closes the contacts I62 and a current flows through the solenoid I11 and coacts with the current flowing through the solenoid I18, as described above, to cause the master control switch I15 to close the contacts I85 which completes the circuit through-the solenoid 11 and operates the valve 61 to produce a high pressure period. The highpressure switch 23I again connects the auxiliary time relay 32I ,from the sup plyrline 25I through the lines 211 and 323, the time relay 32I, to the return line 252. The time relay again closes the circuit from the supply line 25I through the line 324 to the solenoid 206 which operatesto move the dog 201 past the end of the switch I92 and upon the expiration of the short period at which the time relay 32I is set, the coil 206 is de-energized and the dog 201 opens the switch I92 which again breaks the circuit through the solenoid I 18 and the master control switch I15 again opens the circuit through the contacts I85 and the valve 61 is closed.

The movable valve member I06 finally moves to a point such as to establish connection with the passageway 6 that is located contiguous to a passageway II6 that is connected to the first welder to be operated through the port I I5, The passageway, thus connected to the pressure chamber I04 by the port II5, communicates with a cylinder 325 through the pipe 326, which operates the piston 321 during the subsequent high pressure period produced by the time relay 23I, to operate the piston 321 and open the switch 26I. The switch 26I is connected by the line 21I with the contact I82 of the master control switch I15 and when the switch 26I is opened, the circuit from the supply line 25I through the solenoid I11 and the movable contact member I8I, the

line 21I, the switch 26I to the return line 252,

is broken and, consequently, the solenoid I11, that coacts with the solenoid I18, is de-energized and will not operate the master control switch I15, and the valve 61 remains closed.

In a succeeding operation of the machine, the controls 2I3 are operated by the operators to establish a connection through the switch 26I as well as to release the latches 2I and the valve 266 is operated to lower the welders 24 and the frame II. The switch 26I again reestablishes the circuit through the solenoid I11 which operates in conjunction with the solenoid I18 to cause the master control switch I15 to operate as before. The welders are, thus, sequentiallyoperated until all of the welders that are mounted on the machine have again completed their operation.

When one of the operators desires to stop the operation of the machine for any reason, he releases the valve and switch control 2I3 held in machine-operating position by him which completes a circuit from the supply line 25I through the solenoid 328, the line 33, through the contacts 221, to the return line 252, and the circuit through the switch 26I, the line 21I, the contacts I82, the solenoid I11 from the supply line 25I, is opened by release of the combined switch and valve control 2| 3 which discontinues the operation of the master control switch I15. The solenoid 328 operates the core 332 which actuates the lever 264 to connect the ends of the cylinders I1 with the source of supply 248 through the pipes 3I1 whereupon the frame II is lifted and moved to a position such that it will be engaged by the latches 2|.

The operators then make such adjustments or corrections as may be desired and if it is desired to again continue the operation of the machine.

by causing the operation of the welder next succeeding contiguous to the welder that produced the last operation before the frame was lifted, the valves of both controls are then operated sufficiently to move the latches 2| from engaging relation with the frame II but not sufficiently to complete the circuit of the switch 26I, through the contacts 228, the line 2", the contacts I82, and the solenoid I11 until the frame II, upon operation of the valve 266, has reached a position such as to locate the welders in operating relation with respect to the work, whereupon the controls 2I3 are further depressed to close the switch contacts 228 and reestablish the circuit through the switch 26I and the solenoid I11 and cause continued operation of the master control switch I15 to complete the welding operation of the machine.

I claim:

1. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a source of electric current, a period control means for controlling the period of flow of the welding current for desired periods, a

movable electric control means, and switches operated by the electric control means for controlling the period control means to cause the flow of the welding current to certain of the welders and the work for periods of the same length and other of the welders and the work for periods of difierent lengths.

2. In a welding machine, a plurality oi! welders, a frame for supporting the welders, a fluid pressure means for moving the welders to and from the work, means for controlling the operation of the said pressure means, a second fluid pressure means, and a fluid control mechanism for directing fluid under pressure from the said second pressure means to the welders and to the control means of the first-named fluid pressure means in succession for moving the frame from the work subsequent to the operation of the welders.

3o 3. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a source of supply of air under pressure, a pneumatic hydraulic booster, an electromagnetically operated valve for periodically. directingair under pressure to the booster, a-second valve for directing liquid under pressure irom the booster -:to the elders, sequentially, means for operating the said second valve during the low pressure periods of the booster, and a period control switch for controlling the operations of the electromagnetically operated valve.

4. In a welding machine having a plurality oi welders, a fluid pressure means for producin alternate high and low pressures, means for actuating the pressure means, means for transmitting fluid pressure to the welders in succession for sequentially operating the welders, a

of welders, a fluid pressure producing means,

means for actuating the pressure means, means operated by the pressure means for transmitting fluid pressure from the pressure means to the welders, and an electric control means operated by the pressure means for automatically producing alternate high pressures and intermediate low pressures to produce the operation of the welders sequentially during the high pressure periods.

6. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a .fluid pressure producing means, means for actuating the pressure means, means operated by the pressure means for transmitting fluidpressure from the pressure means to the welders, an electric control means operated by the pressure means for automatically producing alternate high pressures and intermediate low pressures, and means for sequentially connecting the welders to the pressure means during the low pressure periods to produce the operation of the welders in succession.

7. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a source of supply of air under pressure, a pressure device for converting air pressure to hydraulic pressure, a valve for directin air under pressure to the pressure converting means to operate the pressure converting means,

means for opening and closing the valve to actu ate the pressure converting means to automatically produce alternate high and low hydraulic pressures, a second valve having a movable valve member, the said movable valve member having a passageway for transmitting hydraulic pressure fromthe said converting means to the welders in succession, means for operating the movable valve member during low pressure periods of the liquid, and a fluid pressure means for producing flow of the welding current to the welders during the high pressure periods.

9. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a source of supply of air under pressure,

means for converting the air pressure from the said source to a hydraulic pressure, a valve,

means operated by the pressure converting means for opening and closing the valve to actuate the pressure converting means to automatically produce alternate high and low hydraulic pressures, a second valve having a movable valve member,

the said movable valve member having a passage- 1 way for transmitting hydraulic pressure from the said converting means to the welders in succession, means foroperating the movable valve member during low pressure periods of the liquid, a switch means operated by the pressure converting means, a period control means initiated by the switch means, and means operated by the pressure converting means for selectively varying the period of flow of the welding curgrent during the sequential operation of the welders.

10. In a welding machine having a plurality of welders, a source of supply of air under pressure, means for converting the air pressure from the said source to a hydraulic pressure, a valve, means operated by the pressure converting means for opening and closing the valve to actuate the pressure converting means to automatically produce alternate high and low hydraulic pressures, a second valve having a movable valve member, the said movable valve member havinga passageway for transmitting hydraulic pressure from the said pressure converting means to the welders in succession, means for operating the movable valve member during the low pressure periods of the liquid, a switch means operated by the pres-v sure of the liquid for producing flow of the welding current to the welders during high pressures, a current control means operated by the movable valve member, and a period control means and current varying means for selectively varying the amperage or the welding current, 

